GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

Malaria generally occurs in areas where environmental conditions allow parasite multiplication in the vector. Malaria today is usually restricted to tropical and subtropical areas and altitudes below 1,500 m., although in the past malaria was endemic in much of North America, Europe and even parts of northern Asia, and today is still present on the Korean peninsula. However, this present distribution could be affected by climatic changes and population movements. Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant species in the world. P. vivax and P. ovale are traditionally thought to occupy complementary niches, with P. ovale predominating in Sub-Saharan Africa and P. vivax in the other areas; but their geographical ranges do overlap. These two species are not always distinguishable on the basis of morphologic characteristics alone, and the use of molecular tools will help clarify their diagnosis and exact distribution. P. malariae has wide global distribution, being found in South America, Asia, and Africa, but it is less frequent than P. falciparum in terms of association with cases of infection. P. knowlesi is found in southeast Asia.

For more information view the source:Center for Disease Control

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